General Studies Test – 07

• Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary is a marine wildlife sanctuary located in Odisha.
• It extends from Dhamra River mouth in the north to Mahanadi river mouth in the south.
• It is very famous for its nesting beach for olive ridley sea turtles.
• It is the one of world’s most important nesting beach for turtles.
• The olive ridley turtles turn up in millions for mass nesting along the Odisha coast every year. This phenomenon is referred to as ‘arribada’.
• Apart from Gahirmatha, these aquatic animals turn up at Rushikulya river mouth and Devi river mouth for mass nesting.

• Lord Linlithgow (1936-1944):​
  • First general elections(1936-1937).
  • Lahore resolution (1940) by the Muslim League for the demand of a separate state.
  • August offer (1940).
  • Cripps Mission's plan to offer dominion status to India.
  • Passing of Quit India resolution(1942) by Congress.

• Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was the first Indian to get Bharat Ratna Award, this award was given to him in 1954.
• Bharat Ratna Award is the highest civil honour given to an Indian.
• Bharat Ratna Award was constituted in 1954.
• Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was the first vice president of India and the first recipient of the Bharat Ratna.
• Other recipients were politician C. Rajagopalachari, and scientist C. V. Raman, who was honoured in 1954.

• Doddabetta is the highest mountain in the Nilgiri Mountains with a height of approximately 2637 m.
• Dodabetta is located approximately 10 km away from Ooty in the Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu, India.
• Anaimudi is the highest peak in the whole of southern India - 2695m.

• The standard meridian of India is 82°30'E.
• It passes through Mirzapur (Uttar Pradesh).
• The time of this meridian is taken as the standard time for the whole country.
• The standard meridian of India passes through the following states :
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Madhya Pradesh
  • Chhattisgarh
  • Odisha
  • Andhra Pradesh

• It is the world's third-highest mountain that connects the borders of India and Nepal.  
• It rises with an elevation of 8,586 m in a section of the Himalayas called Kanchenjunga Himal delimited in the west by the Tamur River.
• It lies between Nepal and Sikkim, India, with three of the five peaks directly on the border, and the remaining two in Nepal's Taplejung District of Province No 1.
• Until 1852, Kanchenjunga was assumed to be the highest mountain in the world.
• Kanchenjunga was first climbed on 25 May 1955 by Joe Brown and George Band.

• Gandhi-Irwin Pact is the name given to a political agreement concluded by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy of India, on 5th March 1931.
• The proposals of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact were:
  • ​Discontinuation of the Civil Disobedience Movement by the Indian National Congress.
  • To release all political prisoners not convicted of violence.
  • Participation by the Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference.
  • Right to make salt for personal use without being taxed. But it cannot be manufactured tax free for commercial purpose.
  • To withdraw all ordinances and pending prosecutions.
  • To restore the confiscated property of the satyagrahis.

Therefore, we can conclude that the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in 1931.

• The Ryotwari system was developed by Thomas Munro and Capt. Alexander Reed in the late 18^th century but it was introduced by Thomas Munro in 1820 when he became the governor.
• The Ryotwari system was a Land Revenue System in British India in which the peasants were given the ownership of the land and the government directly collected taxes from the peasants.
• The revenue rate for dry land was 50% and 60% for irrigated land.

• The river Tungabhadra derives its name from the Tunga, and  the Bhadra, and confluence of the two streams at Koodli in Shimoga.
• The Tungabhadra River does not flow into the Arabian Sea.
• Tungabhadra River is a major tributary of Krishna River.
• It's Major tributaries are the Bhadra, the Haridra, the Vedavati, the Tunga, the Varda and the Kumdavathi.

• Sachin Jain has been appointed as the new CEO of the World Gold Council for India. who will take up the role from March 2024.
• He joins from De Beers, where he held several senior roles for the past 13 years.
• As the Managing Director of De Beers India, Sachin led the De Beers Forevermark business in India and the Middle East.
• Sachin brings over two decades of rich experience and understanding of the Indian consumer and jewellery market.
• His appointment aims to enhance consumer trust in gold and deepen engagement with financial institutions.
• Sachin emphasizes a vision for fostering sustainable practices and driving positive change in the gold industry in India.

• Sikkim has a population of 6.11 Lakhs.
• The Sikkim census of 2011 says the population of Sikkim is the least in all of India.
• Prem Singh Tamang, better known as P. S. Golay, is an Indian politician and the current Chief Minister of Sikkim and leader and founder of the Sikkim Krantikari Morcha (SKM).
• Governor of Sikkim: Lakshman Prasad Acharya (Dec 2023).

Tungsten is used to making an electrical bulb filament for the following reasons:

• It's a very high melting point being an alloy.
• It has very high resistance, so it does not burn easily at room temperature.
• The lamp glows at high temperatures.
• Tungsten filament does not melt even though a significant amount of heat is generated due to the passing of the current through the filament (through the heating effect of the current).

• Sanchi Stupa is a Buddhist complex built by Ashoka.
• It is situated in the Raisen District of Madhya Pradesh.
• It is considered the oldest stone structure in India.
• It was built by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE.
• It is also a UNESCO World Heritage site.
• Sanchi Stupa motif is a feature that can be seen in the new Rs. 200 currency note.

• Swadeshi Movement started in India during Anti-Bengal Partition agitation.
• It started at Calcutta Town Hall, Bengal on 7 August 1905.
• Boycott Movement was also launched with it.
• The Khilafat and non-cooperation movement took place in 1919-22.
• The Champaran Satyagraha of Gandhi took place in the year 1917.
• The protest against the Rowlatt Act in the year 1919.