General Studies Test – 03

• Japan will host the 2026 Asian Games.
  • The games will be held in Japan's Aichi prefecture and its capital city Nagoya.
  • Japan has hosted the Asian Games twice before, at Tokyo in 1958 and Hiroshima in 1994.
• Asian Games 2018 was held in Indonesian cities of Jakarta and Palemban, the 2022 edition was held in the Chinese city of Hangzhou.
• The Asian Games also known as Asiad, are held every 4 years.

• Bhima Bhoi was born at Jatasinga near Subalaya in the Subarnapur district. PreviouslyJatasinga village was in Rairakhol.
• During(1850–1895) he was a 19th-century saint, poet and philosopher from the state of Odisha in India.
• The goal of his mission is “Jagata Uddhara” (liberation of the entire world).
• He is known for his songs on the philosophical aspects of Mahima Dharma.
• The philosophy expressed by Bhima Bhoiis "Bhakti Yukta Gyana Marga" and not "Gyana Bhakti Marga" as expressed by Biswanath baba.
• Mahima cult, as expressed by Bhima Bhoi is basically a humanist cult.
• It believes that a householder and the worst sinner can attain deliverance through devotion to Alekh.
• Thus he has drawn a synthesis between the life spiritual and life temporal.
• Bhima Bhoi modified the tenets of the Mahima cult and he himself becomes the "Guru" of a new form of Mahima religion.
• It is a phenomenon of great significance that Bhima Bhoi belongs to the Kandha tribe.
• He became the progenitor of a religious system which disowns the caste system and idolatry.
• Bhima Bhoi died in 1895 A.D. when he was hardly 45 years of age.
• A Samadhi temple was constructed at Khaliapali after his death in his sacred memory.

• Vitamin B₁₂ is also known as cobalamin.
• It is also called cobalamin because of cobalt (Co).
• Vitamin B12 is the largest and complex vitamin of all.
• It is having molecular formula, C63H88CoN14O14P
  • It is naturally found in animal foods, including meats, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy.
  • Vitamin B12 contains a metal component.
  • It is required for the formation and maturation of RBCs.
  • Pernicious anaemia is a Vitamin B12 deficiency disease

• Begum Hazrat Mahal's band of supporters, led by Raja Jalal Singh rebelled against the forces of the British.
• After the recapture of Lucknow by rebel forces led by the Begum and her allies, she crowned her 11-year-old son Birjis Qadras the ruler of Avadh.
• Begum Hazrat Mahal's tomb is located in the central part of Kathmandu near Jama Masjid.
• On 15 August 1962, Mahal was honoured at the Old Victoria Park in Hazratganj, Lucknow for her role in the Great Revolt.

• Genes are present on chromosomes.
• The Genes are the ‘Mendelian factors,’ present in pairs (one received from the father, the other from the mother), on the chromosomes.
• One member of a pair of genes present on the chromosomes has its pair on the homologous chromosome at the same location.
• Genes are the bearers of hereditary characters or the units of heredity.
• A chromosome contains one molecule of the chemical called DNA.
• Genes present on chromosomes are segments of DNA.
• Each chromosome is made of one molecule of the chemical called DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid and some proteins.
• Since every individual begins life as a single cell, the DNA contained in all the cells of an individual is identical.

Thus, it is concluded that the Genes in a human being are located in chromosomes.

•  Iran says it launched Noor 3 satellite into orbit
• Iran's Revolutionary Guards successfully launched a third military satellite into orbit on Wednesday, state media reported, citing Minister of Communications Issa Zarepour.
• The Noor 3 imaging satellite orbits at an altitude of 450 kilometers (280 miles) above the earth's surface and was launched by the three-stage Qased, or messenger carrier, state media said, which launched its predecessor Noor 2 in 2022.
• The U.S. military says the same long-range ballistic technology used to put satellites into orbit could also allow Tehran to launch longer-range weapons, possibly including nuclear warheads.
• It had previously imposed sanctions on Iran's civilian space agency and two research organizations in 2019, saying they were being used to advance Tehran's ballistic missile program.

• In 1848, Lord Dalhousie arrived in India as the Governor-General and was determined to extend British rule over India.
• Dalhousie occupied the Punjab and Sindh through war and brought several subordinate states directly under the Company’s rule by annexing them on the basis of the Doctrine of Lapse. 
• By the Doctrine of Lapse, if the king of a subordinate state died without a natural male heir, then the kingdom would ‘lapse’ to the British i.e. it would automatically pass into the hands of the British.
• Satara, Sambalpur, Jhansi, and Nagpur were annexed under this policy and the families of the former rulers would be pensioned off. However, Nana Saheb, the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II, was not given a pension.
• On grounds of maladministration, Awadh was occupied in 1856 and Nawab Wajid Ali was pensioned off and sent to Calcutta.
• By 1856, the East India Company had brought the whole of India under its control.

• The Moti Masjid:-
  • It is made out of white marble, located inside the Red Fort close to Diwan-e-Khas in Delhi, India.
  • It was built by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb from 1659-1660 for his second wife Nawab Bai.
• Aurangzeb (1618-1707):-​
  • The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb was known as Abul Muzaffar Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb, commonly known as Aurangzeb or by his regional title Alamgir.
  • Mohi-ud-din Mohammed Aurangzeb was born on Oct. 24, 1618, at Dohad and was the third son of Emperor Shah Jahan.
  • He was the sixth Mughal emperor of India and the last of the "Great Mughals."
  • He extended the Mughals Empire to its farthest boundaries, but his reign was harsh and marked by revolts.
  • He ruled over most of the Indian subcontinent during some parts of his reign, which lasted for 49 years from 1658 until he died in 1707.
  • Mughal emperor Aurangzeb died in 1707 after a 49-year reign without officially declaring a crown prince.

NOTE:  The Moti Masjid of Agra was built by Shah Jahan. 

• The 97^th constitutional amendment, which deals with issues related to effective management of co-operative societies in the country, was passed by Parliament in December 2011 and had come into effect from February 15, 2012.

• Sri Gupta used the title of Maharaja.
• In Ancient India, the Gupta Dynasty ruled the mid-to-late 3rd century (approximately) to 543 AD.
• Founded by Sri Gupta, the dynasty rose to fame with rulers like Chandragupta-I, Samudragupta, etc.
• The original kingdom of the Guptas comprised Uttar Pradesh and Bihar with their centre of power at Prayag (U.P).
• The Gupta period in ancient India is referred to as the “Golden Age”. Because of the numerous achievements in the field of arts, literature, science and technology.
• It also brought about the political unification of the subcontinent.

• Kanchipuram is a celebrated spiritual hub of South India.
• Located on the banks of river Vegavathy.
• As a matter of fact, the city has many temples all around and thus called as the city of thousand temples.
• Along with the holy cities of  Ayodhya, Haridwar, Varanasi, Mathura, Dvaraka and Avantika, Kanchipuram is one among the Spata Puri for providers of Moksha according to Garuda Purana.

• Biomass is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time. In an ecosystem, the rate of generation of biomass is called biomass productivity.
• Forest Ecosystem has the highest biomass as it includes organism of all tropic level as compared to other ecosystems.

• The printing press came to Goa first with the Portuguese missionaries.

The advent of Europeans to India: 

• Dadasaheb Phalke Award is India's highest award in cinema given annually by the Government of India for lifetime contribution to Indian cinema.
• According to the website of the Directorate of Film Festivals, the award was instituted by the government in 1969.
• And consists of a ‘Swarna Kamal’, a cash prize of INR 10 lakh, a certificate, a silk roll, and a shawl.
• The award is presented by the President of India in the presence of the Union Minister of Information and Broadcasting, the Chairpersons of the juries,
• Amitabh Bachchan is the 50th recipient of the award.
• This year it was given to Rajinikanth.
• The first recipient of the award was Devika Rani Roerich in 1969.

• The source of the Kaveri river is the Brahmagiri Range of western Ghats near the Kodagu district of the state of Karnataka.
• Kaveri River flows through the state of Karnataka and Tamilnadu.
• After Godavari and Krishna River, it is the third-largest River of south India.
• It is also the largest River in the state of Tamilnadu.
• For people of south India, Kaveri is a sacred River.
• The Kaveri is one of the seven holy rivers of India.
• Hemavati, Kabini, Bhaani, Arkawati, Lashmana are tributaries of Kaveri River.